Solving For Me in Terms of X free essay sample

My palms started perspiring as I took a gander at the schoolwork board. It read like a peril sign posted in the front of a denounced constructing. â€Å"COLLEGE ESSAYS DUE SEPTEMBER 27.† Panic set in. I have never composed anything about myself. Where do I at any point start? I had no clue, and time was rapidly running out. Like most revelations, mine came accidently. While wildly attempting to find what to compose the most significant article of my life about, my companion hung over to me and composed something on my page to get me to grin. â€Å"LEXIE = ?† Then I saw precisely how to take care of my most up to date issue: the school exposition. Arithmetic comes more instinctually than composing a 500 word long exposition with which communicating is as far as possible. Nobody at any point showed me a condition to plug myself into however, or how to settle for who I am with a proof. We will compose a custom exposition test on Unraveling For Me in Terms of X or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I was unable to be disentangled to â€Å"y=mx+b† position. I took a gander at myself mathematically. What are my variables? My companions know me as the young lady who downplays everything and the one they can gripe to at 12 PM. I cry with my pooch when the fire alarm booms, and I twist up with her in the bath during tempests. I eat Chinese food while presenting each word to the Grinch and the film Pinocchio has consistently terrified me. I broke two gel electrophoreses, yet I snickered and continued difficult until I hit the nail on the head. I slipped in a similar mud puddle twice over the span of ten minutes, and I am the person who asks the material science instructor, â€Å"How would we be able no doubt in the event that we can't test it?† Is the capacity raised to a force? What aggravates these characteristics? The mockery, which as often as possible dribbles off of my words when I disclose how to send an instant message to my mom for the fiftieth time; the manner in which I fly on the trapeze to feel a surge of energy I can't go anyplace else; the manner in which I much of the time push myself into difficulty since I safeguard my companions when I see somebody has harmed them; and the manner in which I get down to business and decline to yield, the thing I like the least about myself. What is my condition, at that point? Lexie= [(Compassion)^Advocacy (Goofiness)(Determination)(Klutziness)(Humor)^Sarcasm (Curiosity)^Adventure]^Stubbornness ? X Are there cutoff points and conditions in this condition? Indeed and no. There are cutoff points to how much this condition can genuinely clarify me. What amount can you truly comprehend about me from this? You can't connect an information and get an answer, and there are still such huge numbers of factors that even I don't have a clue how to comprehend for. What's more, the conditions are only that, conditions and conditions. In any case, there are no restrictions on me. Clearly I won't take off with my own arrangement of wings at any point in the near future, and I can't oppose gravity yet. There are no restrictions on who or what I can be however. These are only my crude materials. The factors are vast as are my conceivable outcomes.

Colour Blind Kant The Racist Eurocentric Politics Essay

Visually challenged Kant The Racist Eurocentric Politics Essay A commitment the scrutinize of Kants Perpetual Peace Kants works including Perpetual Peace has legitimized the White intercession in non-European states since Kant and different rationalists of the West idea that there is just a single human advancement with capital C is European and the remainder of the world are to be humanized and made to resemble Europeans. However, Kant composed this harmony approximately two centuries back yet the reverberation of his works can be seen even today in the USA intercession in Afghanistan and Iraq where the USA is bringing in vote based system. The government capacities through financial abuse and political predominance as well as burden of universalism which is in every case covertly coded. In the accompanying areas, I will talk about initial (1) the synopsis of Kants Perpetual Peace, (2) at that point I would likewise uncover crafted by Kant as an anthropologist through the works E C Eze and Tsenay Sereqeuberhan and Uday Singh Mehta. After that I will take up (3) Sudipta Kavirajs study of Sequential Theory of Modernity to contend that there is various modernities which will be an answer to every one of those Euro-driven logicians including Kant who thought there is only one human advancement European and the remainder of the world need to mirror it. From this I will move to (4) banter in regards to equitable harmony scholars who contend that vote based systems don't battle with one another and I will likewise attempt to give my study to this definition. At long last I will (5) infer that Kants composing was Eurocentric and by one way or another this ethical scholar couldn't transcend partiality against non-Whites by supporting intercession whose course suggestion broug ht about a great many disasters. Tragically, the enlightening strategic the West isn't finished, decades after the time of decolonization. I thank my instructor Professor Jyati Srivastava for her support and direction to pick this theme. I am obligated to Professor Nivedita Menon with whom I talked about this issue. She gave me such a basic knowledge, that my prior draft was altogether amended. *The creator is understudy of M A Politics (International Relations), Jawaharlal Nehru University. He can be reached at [emailprotected] Never-ending Peace Kant starts his Perpetual Peace paper by saying that (1) No Treaty of Peace will be Held Valid in Which There is Tacitly Reserved Matter for a Future. [Kant, 1795]. Here Kant says that harmony can not be accomplished despite the fact that there is a harmony understanding. Kant said that enduring harmony can't be accomplished when two gatherings have arrived at any ceasefire on the grounds that they were depleted to battle war any more. In spite of the fact that they are conveying threats for what's to come. Kant said such sort of understanding can just realize harmony for brief term. In the expressions of Kant; At the point when one or the two gatherings to a settlement of harmony, being too depleted to even consider continueing warring with one another, make an implicit reservation (reservatio mentalis) as to old professes to be explained distinctly at some progressively positive open door later on, the arrangement is made in dishonesty, and we have a stratagem deserving of the trick of a Jesuit. [Emphasize mine, Kant, ibid] I thinks here Kant says that there ought not a détente in light of the fact that the warring gatherings have arrived at the condition of fatigue simultaneously they are keeping old cases (old debates) in the heart which will be taken up when the circumstance will be ideal. Such sort of demeanor by states will fuel threats for ever and any sort of harmony understanding will be fleeting. In the second article of area one, Kant says, No Independent States, Large or Small Come Under the Dominion of Another State by Inheritance, Exchange, Purchase, or Donation. [Kant, ibid]. Kant says that the states isn't care for a property which could be acquired or united elsewhere. Notwithstanding, it is to be noticed that Kant is utilizing descriptive word Independent before states and just autonomous states are not to be acquired. The individuals who are not free are not secured by Kant. It implies a significant number of non-Europe states were permitted to be interceded! Aside from that who has force and power to choose which nation is free of not? Obviously, Kant has given the sensible, edified White to choose which nation is free and which not. In the third article, Kant says, Standing Armies (miles perpetuus) Shall in Time Be Totally Abolished .[Kant, ibid] It is extraordinary to state such thing that there ought not be armed force since weapons contest doesn't give security. This has been dissidents empty talk for quite a long time yet truly the most dangerous furnished states are those whose establishment is additionally founded on liberal majority rules system. How could then it be advocated? Here Kant is giving good discourse which has a not very many takers and the procedure of weapons contest and militarization has not halted since the ascent of country states and long stretches of expansionism. One of the mainstays of the imperialism depends on military extensions . In the fourth article, Kant manages credit frameworks and obligations and how it could make issue for states. National Debts Shall Not Be Contracted with a view to the External Frictions of States. [Kant, ibid]. Here Kant says that to deny this credit framework must be a starter article of unending harmony even more since it should in the long run ensnare numerous guiltless states in the unavoidable chapter 11 and straightforwardly hurt them. They are in this manner defended in aligning themselves against such a state and its measures. [ibid] In the fifth article, Kant discusses obstruction. No State Shall by Force Interfere with the Constitution or Government of Another State. [Kant, ibid]. Here Kant says that there ought not be a powerful mediation simultaneously he likewise gives a special case to his own law. Notice this Kants line: Be that as it may, it would be very unique if a state, by inner disobedience, should fall into two sections, every one of which professed to be a different state making guarantee to the entirety. To loan help to one of these can't be viewed as an impedance in the constitution of the other state (for it is then in a condition of political agitation) . Yet, insofar as the inside dispute has not resulted in these present circumstances basic point, such impedance by outside forces would encroach on the privileges of an autonomous people battling with its inner ailment; consequently it would itself be an offense and would render the self-governance of all states shaky. [Emphasize mine, Kant, ibid] It ought to merit seeing that one the one hand Kant has restricted impedance in the interior mater of another state and yet he has additionally excluded frontier aces for their edifying crucial non-European states, saying that if their inner defiance, to loan help would be defended. Today the USA is doing likewise in Afghanistan and Iraq and it has defended its activity by refering to unpredictable condition in different states. We ought not overlook that the British frontier aces in India has likewise made such sort of generalizations by saying that Indian womens were living in horrifying conditions and Indians were delicate to control over. [Mill, 1975] In the six article of area, Kant examines that in any event, during the war there ought not be such infringement of laws that harmony gets unthinkable later on. No State Shall, during War, Permit Such Acts of Hostility Which Would Make Mutual Confidence in the Subsequent Peace Impossible: Such Are the Employment of Assassins (percussores), Poisoners (venefici), Breach of Capitulation, and Incitement to Treason (perduellio) in the Opposing State. [Kant, ibid]. Here Kant puts forth a solid defense that parties in war should halt from utilizing damaging methods and strategies. Subsequent to examining area I, let me quickly talk about segment II of Perpetual Peace in which Kant discusses republican constitution and association of countries. Let me start with Kants thought of republican constitution. Kant says, The Civil Constitution of Every State Should Be Republican. [Kant, ibid]. Kant here lean towards republican constitution and connections it to harmony. As indicated by Kant, the republican constitution depends on the standards of opportunity and in such a constitution there is probability of harmony on the grounds that the rulers need to get the assent of the residents before a war is pronounced. On the off chance that the assent of the residents is required so as to conclude that war ought to be announced (and in this constitution it can't be the situation), nothing is more normal than that they would be exceptionally careful in starting such a poor game, proclaiming for themselves all the catastrophes of war. Here he makes an understood explanation that a republican type of government is responsible to resident and the it can't take a choice all alone. That is the reason a republican type of government would not effectively go for war in light of the fact that the genera l assessment of the individuals would be against the war. This is the very premise of just harmony scholars who contend that majority rule governments have never warred on one another. In any case, I don't imagine that when Kant is taking about unending harmony he is in any case thinking on the line of majority rule harmony scholars. For me the librals are misreading Kant since Kant doesn't just make differentiation between republican type of government and equitable one. Kant is even condemning of the popularity based type of government. Kant says: Of the three types of the express, that of vote based system is, appropriately, fundamentally a dictatorship, since it sets up an official force in which all choose for or even against one who doesn't concur: that is, all, who are not exactly all, choose, and this is an inconsistency of the general will with itself and with opportunity. [Kant, ibid] In the second authoritative article of Perpetual Peace, Kant says, .The Law of Nations Shall be Founded on a Federation of Free States. [Kant, ibid]. Here Kant is worried about beating war and struggle at global level. He says that states would go into an alliance of countries dependent on rights to make sure about their security and

Will Paying Off a Cash Advance Loan Early Save Money

Will Paying Off a Cash Advance Loan Early Save Money Will Paying Off a Cash Advance Loan Early Save Money? Will Paying Off a Cash Advance Loan Early Save Money?With some loans, you can save money by paying them off ahead of scheduleâ€"but paying off a cash advance loan early might leave you disappointed!If you’ve taken out a cash advance loan to cover emergency expenses and you’re in a position to pay it off early, congratulations! You’re getting ahead of the game. But will paying that cash advance loan off ahead of schedule actually save you money? Here’s what you need to know. How do cash advance loans work?If you’re familiar with payday loans, then you can skip to the next section. That’s because payday loans and cash advances are essentially interchangeable. In fact, cash advances are sometimes referred to as “payday cash advances.”Cash advance loans are small-dollar, short-term no credit check loans that are aimed at people with poor credit, the kind whose scores lock them out from borrowing money with traditional lenders. They have an average principal loan amount of a few hundred dollars and an average repayment term of only two weeks.These loans are very easy to apply forâ€"oftentimes all you need is a bank account in order to qualify for oneâ€" and they’re repaid in a single lump-sum balloon payment with the due date set for the borrower’s next payday. Lenders usually “secure” the loan through a post-dated check or an automatic debit agreement for the amount owed.The average interest rate for cash advance loans is $15 per $100, which seems fairly reasonable … at least at first. When measured against regular personal loans, however, that cost is extremely high. A 15 percent interest rate for a two-week online loan adds up to an annual percentage rate (APR) of almost 400 percent!It all depends on how interest is being charged.Any loan you borrow is going to come with some kind of interest. But there are two ways that interest can be charged, and that is what determines whether or not early repayment will save you money.The standard w ay to charge interest is as an ongoing rate. A loan with a 10 percent APR, for example, would accumulate 10 percent of the loan principal in interest every year. That means that interest on this loan accumulates at the rate of .027 percent every day.However, when interest is charged this way, every payment made on the loan lowers the outstanding principal, which means that less money accumulates in interest. To return to the previous example: A one-year $1,000 loan with a 10 percent APR would actually only accumulate $56 in interest.The other way to charge interest is as a simple flat fee. A $500 cash advance loan with a 15 per $100 interest charge, for instance, would charge the borrower $75 in interest right off the bat, to be repaid when the loan is due.If interest is being charged as a flat fee, then paying off your loan early won’t save you a dime. That interest fee is the same on the day the loan issued as it is on the day it’s due. So in answer to the question posed in th e title of this post: No, paying off a cash advance loan early won’t save you money.With amortizing installment loans, on the other hand, paying your loan off early will save you money. (Here’s a quick primer on how amortization works.) The quicker the loan is paid off, the less time there is for interest to accumulate, and the less money you’ll pay on the loan overall.The one exception for installment loans can be prepayment penalties. These are extra fees levied against the borrower if a loan is paid off early. If you’re looking to take out a personal installment loan, do your best to find one that doesn’t charge prepayment penalties.With cash advances, watch out for loan rollover.Even though paying off a payday cash advance loan early might not save you money, they can still seem like a pretty good proposition. Two weeks and you’re out of debt!But the truth of how these short-term bad credit loans work looks a little different. According to data collected by the Consu mer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), the average payday loan user takes out 10 loans annually and spends almost 200 days per year in debt.And when interest is charged as a flat fee, the costs can add up quickly. Many borrowers have trouble affording those lump sum payments, which leads to them either reborrowing a loan or rolling to overâ€"at least if they live somewhere that hasn’t banned loan rollover outright.Reborrowing a loan simply means taking out a new loan immediately after youve paid off your old one. Rolling a loan over, on the other hand, means extending the original loan’s due date in return for a new interest charge. Oftentimes, all borrowers have to do to roll over a loan is pay off the original interest charge.Every time someone does this, their cost of borrowing increases. If the first interest charge is 15 percent, then the second charge brings their total interest rate to 30 percent. The next rollover brings them to 45 percent, then 60 percent, etc.When som ebody is rolling a loan over, they’re paying extra money in interest, but they aren’t borrowing any extra money. Any payment they make to roll over their loan increases their cost of borrowing, but it doesn’t pay down their principal, which means it doesn’t bring them any closer to being out of debt.There’s a name for this: It’s called a “debt cycle.” Actually, there are two names for it, as it’s also referred to as a “debt trap.” And while paying off a cash advance loan ahead of schedule won’t save you money, the dangers of one snaring you in a high-interest debt trap could end up costing you hundreds (or even thousands!) of dollars in extra fees and interest. It’s a bit of a lose-lose proposition.To learn more about how you can improve your financial outlookâ€"and avoid payday cash advances altogetherâ€"check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:A Beginner’s Guide to Budgeting5 Tips for Turning Bad Credit into Good CreditThe Debt Snowball Method Can Help You Get out of Debt8 Good Habits to Get Your Financesâ€"and Your Lifeâ€"on TrackDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Adhd A Better Safe Than Sorry - 874 Words

The â€Å"better safe than sorry† mentality leads to over diagnosis in adolescent ADHD furthermore causing the concern of overprescribing of medication as treatment and â€Å"overly managing† the disorder. Approximately 4.6 million children between age 6 and 17 received a diagnosis of ADHD, and over half of them (59%) were given medication (Parens and Johnston, 2009). Some of the usual prescribed medicines to those with ADHD is that of Ritalin and Adderall – drugs that are classified in the same category as cocaine, opium, and amphetamines, all which are a schedule II controlled substance in the Drug Enforcement Agency (Pomeroy, 2013). Proponents of medication of children broadcast the evidence of effectiveness of the medication with reducing the primary symptoms of ADHD. Although these stimulants have the same reinforcing effect as cocaine, many swear by the difference instantly made by medication, hence why doctors administer the drugs after diagnosis. Others a lso believe that medication distribution is more economically efficient as well as time efficient because of its quick acting effects. Because doctors are faced with severe payer and clinical time constraints, many physicians diagnose ADHD following it by fast-acting medication (Connor, 2011). Therefore, as over diagnosis of ADHD increased, so has the amount of prescription to children. However, â€Å"although theories regarding the cause of these increases abound, what has not surfaced is a clear consensus on whether increases inShow MoreRelatedBeing Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pagesstruggling and in some fighting over medicating their children. We hear so much about the raise in medication and think about our own childhood where the children were not taking medication or labeled as having Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But what a lot of us don’t know is that it was always with us. Lack of knowledge is a p art of the reason for our debate over medication. In this review we will look at the pros and cons to medicating children. Before we liked to label them as badRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )3421 Words   |  14 PagesIn the previous years, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become more widely accepted as a relatively common disorder in the United States. With that, 8.8% of children were diagnosed in 2011 compared to 7% in 2007 (Pomeroy, 2013). However, as the rise in diagnostics has increased, so has the level of controversy. Many people question whether or not ADHD is overly diagnosed in the adolescent, which leads to an over-prescription of psychological attention and pharmaceuticals. BecauseRead MoreAmerica s National Epidemic : Over Prescription Of Drugs Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesthe number of people with mental disorders taking prescribed medicine was 44%. Out of American boys 12% of them are taking antidepressants. Stimulants are commonly over prescribed because the over-diagnosed of ADHD in children. There are five million children in the U.S w ho have ADHD and out of those five million 2 million are being treated with stimulants. The more popular stimulant being Ritalin. Painkillers are another common over prescribed drug. In 2012, 259 billion painkiller prescriptionsRead More2.2 Apply skills techniques for supporting and encouraging children young people’s positive behaviour.5893 Words   |  24 Pageshim what I had heard. I explained that even if he had heard that word outside of school or at home, I didn’t want to hear it at school as I didn’t like it. I actually think he was more embarrassed that I’d heard him saying it, so I got a very quiet â€Å"Sorry Mrs Heyes† as his reply. I was happy that this had demonstrated how to behave sensibly around this incident. 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Programs with positive role models can influence people to change their behavior for the better. However, the reverse can also be true: Kids are likely to learn things from TV that parents dont want them to learn. TV can affect kids health and family life. Its worthwhile for parents to think about what role they want TV to play in theirRead MoreInfluences of Advertising to Consumer Attitude Towards Buying a Product4796 Words   |  20 PagesNegative Influences IV. Benefits of Advertising A. Benefits to Companies 1. Help Increase Sales 2. Greatly Affect the companies lifeline B. Benefits to Consumers 1. Connect easily to the Company 2. Consumers can see the product form their houses than going to the store. V. Possible effects of Advertising A. To Children B. To teens C. To adult IV. Advertising and behavior A. Children underage of 4 maybe unable to distinguish advertising. B. Advertising increase consumption C. Public perceptionRead MoreNvq 3 Supported Teaching and Learning Unit 3015095 Words   |  21 Pageshow they reacted and felt when she shouted at them for not instantly stopping and getting on with the next task. I apologised if she felt i had offended her. At the end of the lesson, she came over and said she was sorry for over reacting, and now realised i worked with them more than she did, and actually had a point, and she would allow time for them to settle. I feel that by me not getting into a confrontation with her made a lot of difference, and we was able to sort the problem out sensiblyRead MoreSocial Networking Sites-Boon/Bane15517 Words   |  63 Pagesstating the obvious. Things are not as safe as people consider it to be. Parents do get a hang of it, but after a while. This lingo between teenagers has been in existence for many years. With social networking sites, it has got a different dimension. I dont see anything wrong with it. Every generation has its own way of communicating. We cannot judge good or bad behaviour through it, but its the actual behavior which should be a source of concern for them than any secret language, It can alsoRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesEducation (GAISE Guidelines),† which included the following six recommendations for the introductory statistics course: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Emphasize statistical literacy and develop statistical thinking. Use real data. Stress conceptual understanding rather than mere knowledge of procedures. Foster active learning in the classroom. Use technology for developing conceptual understanding and analyzing data. Use assessments to improve and evaluate student learning. Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis

Human Resource - Portfolio - 3987 Words

1 Introductory section 1.1 Background of Kimberly-Clark Australia Kimberly-Clark Australia is a subsidiary of the US-based Kimberly-Clark Corporation that makes, markets, and sells market-leading health and hygiene products, such as Wondersoft ®, Viva ® paper towels, Thick Thirsty ®, Huggies ® nappies , Snugglers ® Kleenex ® facial tissues, and other consumer brands, and Tecnol*, Kimcare*, Workforce*, and other business brands (Kca.com.au n.d.). Kimberly-Clark Australia (KCA) has market leadership in six out of the eight categories they trade in. This has been achieved through a combination of superior products effective brand positioning and effective communication with the target market. There are three business make up by KCA:†¦show more content†¦This job description includes the accountabilities, responsibilities and reporting requirements for marketing manager position. 2.4 Employment conditions As the position of marketing manager is very important to KCA, the company will apply a series of conditions to this position. †¢ Based Salary: $8,000 per month †¢ Bonus based on sales and performance †¢ Working hours: fulltime working †¢ A separate air-conditioned room with a personal computer †¢ A company car is provided for business †¢ Healthcare 2.5 Marketing manager position links with the HR and business strategy and goals Marketing manager play a key role in organizing all the marketing activities of the company. Marketing manager should has abilities to deliver products and service to customers, organizing the market segment, increase company’s marketing share, work with other employees. Therefore, marketing manager position requires the applicants to have a good knowledge of marketing functions and strategies in order to create an effective influence for the organization to achieve goals. 3 Recruitment procedures 3.1 Recruitment process The recruitment is the process of locating, identifying and attracting capable applicants for current and future positions (Robbins Mukerji 1990). According to Klatt, Murdick and Schuster (1985), recruitment may be a complex and expensive activity in a large firm that involves promotions fromShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Portfolio6233 Words   |  25 Pagesdifferent departments work together and achieve an excellent effort that builds this hotel success, human resource management plays an important role in he hotel. There has a human resource Golden Rule which stipulates that One should treat others the way they wanted to be treated themselves (SKM, 2009, p. 7). 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This is my current position where I serve as the agency advocate, policy expert and liaison and plan, direct, and oversee the management of human resources in support of program goals and objectives. I implement and evaluate the agency s plans, procedures and initiatives relative to policies affe cting human capital programs and pay systems, while interpreting

Zombies Free Essays

Zombies There is a current fad of entertainment in popular culture about zombies and zombie apocalypses. Have you ever heard of a real â€Å"Zombie†? Have you ever thought of where this idea of â€Å"Zombies† came about? Theyre history does not stem from Hollywood or comic books. Zombies have a real history as well as an actual scientific capability of existing. We will write a custom essay sample on Zombies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Isak Niehaus (writer for The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute) explained the cultural connection to zombies in Africa, and Wade Davis (writer for New York: Simon Schuster) researched the reports in Haiti of he zombie culture there. Ker Than researched the topic for National Geographic news and came up with startling possibilities of a zombie-like outbreak. Just about everybody knows about fictitious zombies, but less are familiar with the facts about zombies. There are many people zombies are very real. They aren’t a fable and are something to be taken seriously. Belief in magic and witchcraft is widespread throughout Haiti and the Caribbean, often in the form of religions such as Voodoo and Santeria. The Oxford English Dictionary, the term â€Å"zombie† initially showed up in English around 1810 when historian Robert Southey declared it in his book â€Å"History of Brazil. † But this â€Å"Zombi† wasn’t the typical Hollywood version of the brain-hungry horror. Instead it was a West African deity. The word â€Å"zombie† later came to propose the human life force exiting the body, ultimately leaving a creature human in form but lacking self-awareness and intelligence. The word was introduced to Haiti and to other places from Africa through the slave trade. Isak Niehaus found that the term Zombie is used to describe a spellbound person deprived of cognizance and self- wareness, yet able to move and react to immediate provocations. Though many people treat the current â€Å"zombie apocalypse† as a fun pop culture meme, Haitian culture † like many African cultures † is greatly immersed in faith in magic and witchery. Belief in zombies is related to the Voodoo religion, and has been widespread in Haiti for many years. Haitian zombies were said to be people brought back from the dead through magical means by voodoo priests called bokors or houngan. Sometimes the zombification was done as punishment which struck fear in those who believed that they could be abused even after death. Often the zombies were said to have been used as slave labor on farms and sugarcane plantations. A mentally ill farmer claimed to have been seized captive as a zombie worker for two decades, though he couldn’t show researchers where this had taken place. Researchers pursued a case in Haiti, 1937 of rumors that the affected persons were given a powerful psychoactive drug, but they were not able to locate anyone willing to offer much evidence. After many years the researchers concluded that there is more to Voodoo than ritual and that there is a medical base behind what is going on. Several decades later, Wade Davis, a Harvard ethno botanist, offered a pharmacological case for zombies some of his books. Davis went to Haiti in 1982 and, after investigations, claimed that a living being could be changed into a zombie by way of two specific powders being put into the circulatory system, most of the time by an open wound. One of the powders includes tetrodotoxin (TTX), a potent and often tatal neurotoxin tound in the putte The second powder consists ot dissociative drugs like datura. These powders could induce a deathlike state where will of the eing would be completely open to that of the bokor. Davis also popularized the story of Clairvius Narcisse, who was claimed to have succumbed to this practice. Davis described the case of an initial state of deathlike suspended animation, followed by reawakening into a psychotic state. The insanity induced by the drug and psychological trauma was hypothesized by Davis to strengthen socially learned beliefs and to cause the individual to rebuild their characteristics as that of a zombie, since they actually thought they were dead, and had no other role to play in the Haitian society. Though dead humans can’t come back to life, certain viruses can induce such aggressive, zombie-like behavior, scientists say in the new National Geographic Channel documentary The Truth Behind Zombies. For instance, rabies, a viral disease that infects the central nervous system can drive people to be violently mad. If a rabies virus was to combine with the ability of a flu virus, in order to spread quickly through the air, you might have the makings of a zombie apocalypse. The first signs a human has rabies, such as anxiety, confusion, hallucinations, and paralysis ont typically appear for ten days to a year after infection, as the virus incubates inside the body. This is very unlike movie zombies, which become reanimated almost immediately after infection. Once rabies sets in, though, it’s fatal within a week if left untreated. If the genetic makeup of the rabies virus went through enough changes, or mutations, its incubation time could be condensed dramatically. Many viruses have naturally high mutation rates and constantly change as a means of evading or bypassing the defenses of their hosts. For the rabies virus to cause an event like a zombie pandemic, not unlike the ones ou might see in a movie, it has to be much more contagious. Typically a human could catch rabies after being bitten by an infected animal and the infection usually stops there, but thanks to pet vaccinations, people seldom get rabies in the U. S. nowadays, and even fewer people die from the disease. For example, in 2008 only two cases of human rabies infection were reported to the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A faster mode of transmission would be through the air, which is how the influenza virus spreads. The movie 28 Days Later depicts a scenario of a age virus. If rabies somehow became airborne this movie would be very plausible. In order to be transmitted by air, rabies would have to mutate or use traits from another virus like influenza. Elankumaran Subbiah, a virologist at Virginia Tech, states that diverse forms, or strains, of the same virus can change pieces of genetic code using reassortment or recombination. Unrelated viruses, although, don’t Just randomly create hybrids in nature. Likewise, he also said â€Å"They’re too different. They cannot share genetic information. Viruses assemble only parts that belong to them, nd they don’t mix and match from different families. It’s theoretically possible for scientists to use a rabies virus and an influenza virus, though extremely difficult, to create a hybrid rabies-influenza virus using modern genetic engineering techniques. Sure, you could imagine a scenario where you mix rabies with a flu virus to get airborne transmission, a measles virus to get personality changes, the encephalitis virus to cook your brain wit n tever and throw in the ebola virus to cause you to bleed from your guts. You would probably get something like the zombie virus, but nature oesn’t let these things to happen all at the same time. Yet†¦ There is a vast history of zombies, from Africa to Haiti and other trade lands, all the way to Hollywood. The general focus of zombies is the entertainment of it all. To this day there are still cases of zombie voodoo and stories of dead people coming back from the grave. The focus should be on the possibilities of the future though. If Just one team of scientists with access to the means to hybrid existing viruses the entertaining idea of zombies on a TV would not be funny at all. It’s not all that unreal now is it? How to cite Zombies, Papers

Lecture Report on Case Study †Costa Coffee (Logistics and Operations)

Question: Discuss about a Report on Case Study Costa Coffee ( Logistics and Operations )? Answer: Introduction A Costa coffee shop or any coffee shop in general has typically a collection of work that are a part of daily routine in the coffee shop that may include the following but not limited to only: Buying of raw materials of coffee like cream, coffee, milk, sugar, etc. Cleaning of utensils Cleaning of shop Arrangements at the shop The billing and order process ( the IT work ) The house keeping The management of staff and coffee shop Entertainment Ambience of the place The training of staff Various maintenance activities, etc. Among these many activities there some of the activities which are directly related to customer experience like the way coffee is being served, the taste of Costa coffee the ambience, the timely delivery of the order, the hygiene and the cleanliness maintained in the restaurant, the billing process, the staff behavior, etc. Among these things many are related to the process which can be outsourced and some are related to the process which should be kept in house to the optimum operations of the shop. But with regard to somethings which might prove to be in the best interest of everyone ( the Costa coffee shop as well as customers ) to outsource. The main reason of such an outsource is that the things which are related to operations but are not that much related to the core operations may be given to some specified agency or organization to work on. And the company can operate in the field where it specializes and can provide the best service to clients or customers when the need not address the non core issues which may affect the operations but yet are not critical to the performance or operations but may impact the overall functionality of the organization. This can best be understood in terms of an automobile industry. Consider an industry which operates and produces vehicles. Now for such an organization there are many aspects they produce automobiles on an assembly line, they have advertisements, they have a logistics department for the transportation of finished product from assembly line to warehouse or inventory then to the dealer network at different places. Among these we need to outsource the logistics to some specialized agency which might be in a better position to delivery and could also bring the cost advantage to our organization. Now, these are the kind of decisions which have a very significant impact and in some cases may even bring a competitive advantage to the organization both in terms of short term advantages as well as long term value creation. Settling over a right choice(s) could add essentially to your association primary concern to a great expense reserve funds and expanded ability. Outsourcing can convey new personality into our commerce, and it can similarly available time up for expansion and other tasks which require attention. On the other hand, settling on A incorrect option can put your commerce at a purposeful burden. perhaps you might go down manage of elite data, or get segments that don't convene your association(s) excellence benchmarks. Now such kind of decisions can be best made by the use of the Outsourcing Decision Matrix which will help us see plainly which undertakings, procedures, or capacity you have to to stay in house and which can be firmly out sourced with out any issues. In this case study, we will implement the Outsourcing Decision Matrix for the Costa coffee to identify which tasks may be outsourced and which are not then we will try to mitigate the risk associated with them. Outsourcing Decision Matrix Fig :- Outsourcing Decision Matrix The Outsourcing Decision Matrix is basically the combination of 4 quadrants as shown in the above fig. : It will help us to identify the outsourcing factors which will be as follows : The strategic importance of the task, because ultimately the strategically significant task are important sources of competitive advantages which we get over our peers. How will a particular task affect out organizations operational performance. It should be understood that any work which have a high impact on operational readiness must be done with great care because it will ultimately affect the proper working of the company and affect its profits. The diagram shown above has 4 quadrants which can be described as below:- The strategic alliances(first quadrant ) : here the task are high in terms of their significance as far as the operations of the organization are concerned yet they have a very low yet contribute little to operational execution. In this way, despite the fact that you have to hold control of them to guarantee they are done precisely as you need, or you get the quality you need, they are moderately inconsequential as far as expense or smooth running thus not deserving of full in-house center. This implies that you ought to shape a vital partnership with any expert or specialist organization to take over your task with you into the loop. Retain(second quadrant ) : Assignments in this quadrant are high in key significance and have a major effect on operational execution. These assignments ought to be kept in-house so that your association keeps most extreme control. Add to My Personal Learning Plan , truth be told and it makes a monstrous commitment to the smooth running of the association. It is basically an organizations core competencies. Outsource(third quadrant ) : Errands this quadrant are critical for effective operational execution, however are not deliberately imperative. These errands could securely be outsourced. They're basically not worth investing in-house energy overseeing. Eliminate(fourth quadrant ) : Undertakings in this quadrant are not imperative to your association's general procedure and nor do they make a critical commitment to its normal operational execution. Despite the fact that you may not have the capacity to dispense with these assignments totally, it's imperative to check why you're doing them. A sample may be running a sponsored staff crche. Albeit having an in-house childcare office may help you to pull in certain staff (key significance) or decrease non-appearance brought about by childcare issues (operational execution), does the exertion included legitimize doing it? Maybe it does, however just as, maybe you may be in an ideal situation paying your kin somewhat more, so they can stand to utilize autonomous crches arranged close by. Tool Usage Now, to use this tool, we need to identify: 1. Our strategic important tasks : Investigate the undertaking's key significance to your business. Is this undertaking imperative to your organization's upper hand? Is it a player in what makes your business exceptional? Does it have significant influence in your clients' choice of your items or administrations over those of your rivals? 2. Contribution done to operational performance : Choose how vital this assignment is to your organization's normal operational execution. Will your operations quickly come to a standstill on the off chance that it's done seriously? 3. Plotting all task on the matrix : Since you know where your errand is on the vertical size of vital significance, and where it is on the even size of operational execution, plot the undertaking onto the lattice. The quadrant in which the assignment falls will give you an in number evidence in the matter of whether it ought to be outsourced, held, deliberately adjusted, or disposed of. Now as discussed above we are going to plan our tasks accordingly, and plot them on the matrix which we have identified and discussed above. Application Of Tool On Our Case For every task we have to identify where it falls and what all is that which could be done that may help us out in our work. Now for the tasks which we have identified lets play out and identify their appropriate place on our matrix. For the task of raw materials: Like coffee beans, cream, milk these things fall into first quadrant and are of strategic importance so we can form a strategic alliance with some dairy product company and / or with some coffee bean company for the supply of raw materials. This is also applicable to other stuff like sandwiches or other things being served at the coffee shop. Cleaning of utensils falls into the 3 quadrant , this particular task can be easily outsourced without any major affect on our working and our customer experience with slight monitoring. House keeping is also falling into the 3 quadrant , this particular task can be easily outsourced without any major affect on our working and our customer experience with slight monitoring. Arrangement at the shop also falls into the 3 quadrant , this particular task can be easily outsourced without any major affect on our working and our customer experience with slight monitoring. The billing and the order process ( IT ) falls into the 1 quadrant , this particular task can be outsourced with major strategic alliance and it will affect on our working and our customer experience with slight monitoring. The expert company will provide us with a state of the art tools for the same. The management of staff and Costa coffee shop, for this task falls in the second quadrant and it must be retained for the purpose of elite and unique a rewarding customer experience and must be kept in house any how. Entertainment, this kind of stuff may be kept in house i.e. retained because it is also affecting out customer experience. Ambience of the place, for this one is both important both operations wise as well as of customer experience so it must also be kind of retained . Training of staff, this task involves the process of staff education and the way they provide service to the clients it also includes the process processing of the food and other stuff. It requires dedicated training so it must be divided into the 2 ways: The first one will be the critical part which must be kept in house, this will include the process of training of staff for making and processing of coffee and other snacks. While the other part of serving can be outsourced to any personality development training institute which may take care of all the stuff. Factors that influence decision making process : This basic point made by this section is that operation destination are remarkably wide. operation management has a result on the 5 universal classes of partners in several association. Partners is a broad expression yet is for the mainly used to mean a person who can have an enthusiasm for, or is prejudiced by, the operations. It is of basically 5 types :- Customers - This category is of the clearest persons who will be prejudiced by any commerce. The part goes ahead to call the 5 operation implementation goal be relevant basically to this gathering of persons. Supplier(s) - Operation could have a noteworthy result on supplier, together on how they do well themselves, and on how viable they are at supply of the operation(s). Shareholder(s) - The improved an operation is at delivering merchandise plus administration the more likely the entire commerce is to succeed and shareholders will prove to be the real recipient of this. Workers - likewise, representatives will be largely improved off if the association is well-off. Though operations obligation to council go a long ways. It incorporate the operational situations which are restricted by the way the operation is planning out. The public - though often having no direct financial connection with the association, public and gathering in the civic eye everywhere can be a affect by the way its operations directors carry on. The clearest sample is in the natural compulsion showed by operation supervisors. Performance Objectives The 5 performance has following objectives: Quality - excellence is put primary in our rundown of implementation destination on the basis that many establishment trust it to be the most grave. indisputably a large amount of has been collected about it than whatever other operations implementation aim. To the degree this introduction to the point is apprehensive, excellence is talked about to a great amount as far as it suggestive of ' conformance '. That is, the majorly necessary sense of worth is that an thing or management is as it should be. Speed - Pace is a way for saying ' rate of response '. It imply the occasion between an outer or inward client asking for an thing or management. external speed is essential in illumination of the information that it serve to act in response swiftly to consumers. Once more, this is usually seen definitely by customers who will be additionally inclined to come with extra commerce. At times as well it is imaginable to charge higher costs when management is fast. The internal influences of pace have much to do with the expenditure dwindling. There are 2 range where velocity diminishes expenditure (declining inventory and lessening danger). Dependability - reliability signify as ' being on point in time ' . At the last, customers get their things or administrations on instance. In spite of the detail that this description sounds good, it could be tough to count. What exactly is on time ? It is when the customers necessary delivery of the thing or management? or it is when they likely deliver? It is when they were certain in delivery? Once again, it has external as well as internal influences. External steadfastness is for the the majority part view by customers as something worth grateful for. completely not on time with delivery of goods and administration can be an important annoyance to customers. Internal steadfastness has a power on cost. The segment distinguish three routes in which operating cost are inclined - by saving so as to spare time, cash easily, and by giving an alliance the reliability which permit it to improve its efficiency. Flexibility - It is more complicated goal on the basis that we use flexibility " to denote such a large number of characteristic equipment. The critical end to remember is that flexibility and reliability signify as having the ability to modify the operations. Cost Under this are 2 grave focus. The main is that the cost makeup of varied relations can alter extremely. Secondly, the additional 4 implementation target all contributes , within, to moving back expense. So analyzing on the various points on the basis of there 5 performance objectives like explained. Risk Involved Risk involved in decision making process : Loss of business information - Organizations should painstakingly survey business learning and figure out whether moving it to a seaward area will trade off the organization's progressing capacity to perform at the obliged levels. Vendor inability to convey - A typical oversight for IT associations lies in not executing an emergency course of action to manage the danger that a merchant, for reasons unknown, neglects to convey of course. High hazard or introduction may constrain the association to startlingly modify its outsourcing procedure (i.e. from a solitary seaward seller to various merchants). Culture - Social contrasts incorporate religion, method of dress, social exercises and even the way an inquiry is asked or replied. Albeit most driving merchants have social instruction programs, the difficulties and expenses connected with social arrangement may not be unimportant or paltry. Productivity fluctuation Sometimes productivity is affected due to outsourcing because of the attrition rate at the vendor location. Which must be addressed by choosing reliable vendor with a credit at their disposal. References Wang, Guihua. 'Supply Chain Integration Based On Commerce Flow And Logistics'. Contemporary Logistics (2011): 91-97. Web. 'Special Issue Of Production And Operations Management : Retail Operations'. Production and Operations Management 18.1 (2009): 127-127. Web. 'Operations Management'. Computers Operations Research 20.5 (1993): 554. Web. Miser, Hugh J. 'Craft In Operations Research'. Operations Research 40.4 (1992): 633-639. Web. 'LINING UP FOR LOGISTICS BENCHMARKING'. Logistics World 2.2 (1989): 111-112. Web. 'INTEGRATED WORLD LOGISTICS'. Logistics World 1.2 (1988): 90-96. Web. Fojt, Martin. 'Strategic Logistics Management'. Logistics Information Mngt 9.5 (1996): 1-63. Web. Flood, Merrill M. 'Operations Research And Logistics'. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly 5.4 (1958): 323-335. Web. BRICKELL, G. 'LOGISTICS AND THE SINGLE MARKET'. Logistics Information Mngt 3.2 (1990): 79-82. Web. Arrow, Kenneth J. 'Decision Theory And Operations Research'. Operations Research 5.6 (1957): 765-774. Web. Davies, G. and Rands, T. (1992). The Strategic Use of Space by Retailers: A Perspective from Operations Management.Int Jrnl Logistics Management, 3(2), pp.63-76. Hollingshead, E. (1954). The application of statistical techniques to management of overseas supply operations.Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1(2), pp.82-89. Miller, C. and Sarder, M. (2011). Public Works Policy Implications of Sustainable Reverse Logistics Operations.Public Works Management Policy, 17(1), pp.68-82. PAGELL, M. (2004). Understanding the factors that enable and inhibit the integration of operations, purchasing and logistics.Journal of Operations Management, 22(5), pp.459-487. Sanchez Rodrigues, V. (2010). Evaluating the causes of uncertainty in logistics operations.Int Jrnl Logistics Management, 21(1), pp.45-64. Fojt, M. (1996). Strategic logistics management.Logistics Information Mngt, 9(5), pp.1-63. Ji, G. (2008). Reverse Logistics Operation Management Based on Virtual Enterprises and Complaint Service Manage-ment.JSSM, 01(01), pp.51-66. Li, L. (2014). Reverse Logistics Operation Model Research under the Circumstance of Green Supply Chain Management.AMM, 687-691, pp.4771-4773. Nilsson, F. (2006). Logistics management in practice towards theories of complex logistics.Int Jrnl Logistics Management, 17(1), pp.38-54

Benihana of Tokyo an Introduction to Hibachi Cooking Essay Example

Benihana of Tokyo an Introduction to Hibachi Cooking Essay An  introduction  to  Hibachi  cooking Where  it  started Context: Japanese  food  being  unpopular  in  the  US  (feeling  of  being  not  filling  enough,   deceiving  food,  etc. ) Concept: Introduce  Hibachi  cooking  in  the  US  and  worldwide History: 1935:  Yunosuke  Aoki  (Papasan)  opens  the  1st  Benihana  restaurant  in  Tokyo,   Japan 1958:  Papasan  introduces  the  Hibachi  table  concept 1964:  Number  1  American  unit  in  New  York  West  Side 1. Differences  between  the  Benihana  Ã‚  production   process  and  that  of  a  typical  restaurant? Availability  and  cost  of  labor Highly  trained  chefs:   native  Japanese young  staff trained  to  American  manners  (good   English)  and  Japanese  cooking Limited  menu  (Steak/Chicken/Shrimp):   food  costs  cut  to  30/35% Showmanship  of  the  chef  (teppaniyaki table  presentation) High? quality  and  healthy  food  (traditional   Japanese  food) Authentic  oriental  atmosphere   Combination  of  Japanese  paternalism  and   American  setting Food  storage  and  wastage General  atmosphere Strategy What  makes  Benihana  Unique? Efficient  Organizational   chart High? Standards  Chefs Innovative  management   Entertaining  atmosphere:   â€Å"Theatre  of  the  stomach† High  Quality  traditional  food Research  of  Authenticity Creative  advertising  policy Broad  costumer  targetting Restaurant  design Efficient  use UNIQUE  ATMOSPHERE 2. What  are  the  major  design  choices   which  generate  operating  efficiency? Benihana  Restaurants  inner  design No  more  traditional  kitchen  (+8%  room  available  compared   to  traditional  restaurants,  service  more  attentive Authentic  decoration:  furniture  imported  from  old  Japanese   houses  and  reassembled  in  the  US Compqny Strategy No  Franchising Managerial  Structure  design Simple  management  structure (1  manager,  1  assistant   manager  and  2/3  front  men) What  is  next? Expansion  strategy Location US Type  OF  Market Primary  Marketing  Areas   Secondary  Markets   Suburban  Market Extra  Territorial Expansion Mexico  city UKEurope We will write a custom essay sample on Benihana of Tokyo an Introduction to Hibachi Cooking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Benihana of Tokyo an Introduction to Hibachi Cooking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Benihana of Tokyo an Introduction to Hibachi Cooking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Learn What a Match School Is in College Admissions

Learn What a Match School Is in College Admissions A match school is a college or university that is likely to admit you because your grades, standardized test scores, and holistic measures are similar to those of typical students at the school.  You certainly arent guaranteed an acceptance letter from a match school, but chances are better than not that you will get in.When applying to colleges, its important to choose your schools wisely. Key Takeaways At a match school, your grades and standardized test scores should fall within the typical range for admitted students.Ivy League schools and other highly selective colleges and universities are never match schools. They are reach schools.For a variety of reasons, it is quite possible to get rejected from a match school. Be careful not to overestimate your chances of getting in. How Do You Know if a School is a Match? If you know your high school GPA and youve taken either the SAT or ACT, its fairly easy to figure out if your grades and test scores are on target for a university. Here are two methods for doing so: Find schools that interest you in my massive A to Z index of college profiles. When you click on a college, youll find SAT and ACT data for matriculated students. This data represents the 25th and 75th percentile of students who enrolled at the college. If your ACT and/or SAT scores are above the 25th percentile number, youre a potential match for the school.For hundreds of the schools Ive profiled, youll also find a link to a GPA-SAT-ACT graph of data for students who were accepted, rejected and waitlisted. This will give you a more visual representation of where you fit in. Match≠  Guaranteed Admission Its important to realize that there is no guarantee of admission at schools that youve identified as matches. While many students with grades and test scores similar to yours were admitted, its equally likely that some students with similar profiles were not admitted. This is one reason why its important also to apply to a safety school or two so that you are nearly certain to be admitted somewhere. It can be heartbreaking to discover in the spring of senior year that youve received nothing but rejection letters. Possible reasons for a rejection to a match school include:   The college has holistic admissions, and your essay or extracurricular involvement werent as impressive as those of other applicants.Your application was incomplete or had careless mistakes (see 6 Common Blunders of College Applicants)You failed to demonstrate interest in the college.Related to demonstrated interest, you may have been edged out by applicants who applied through early action or early decision (both tend to have higher admit rates than regular decision)Your letters of recommendation raised concerns for the college.The college wasnt able to meet your financial needs (a significant number of colleges and universities are  not  needs-blind, and they will not admit students who would face unreasonable financial hardship should they try to attend)The college admitted students who may have had similar grades and test scores but who were more likely to contribute to the diversity of the campus community. Colleges dont have formal geographic, racial, or cultural quotas, bu t many schools do believe that a diverse student body benefits the learning environment. You have a criminal record that concerns the college. Some Schools AreNeverMatches If youre a straight A student with top 1% standardized test scores, youre still not guaranteed admission at the countrys most selective colleges and universities. The countrys  Ã‚  top U.S. colleges and top universities  have such low acceptance rates that many fully qualified applicants receive rejection letters. You should certainly apply if you wish to attend these schools, but be realistic about your chances. When a college has a single digit acceptance rate, you should always consider the school a reach, not a match, even if your grades and test scores are exceptional. A Final Word on Match Schools I always recommend that applicants be realistic about their chances of admission, and its important to remember that many students receive rejection letters from match schools. That said, chances are good that you will get into some if not most of the match schools to which you apply. Also keep in mind that match schools are often good choices because youll be among peers who have academic abilities that are similar to your own. It can be frustrating to be at a college where the majority of students are significantly stronger or weaker than you. Balance is important as you come up with your college wish list. You should make sure you apply to a mix of  reach schools, match schools, and  safety schools.

Response Paper 1 Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response 1 - Research Paper Example At this point, it is sound to assert that Socrates’ philosophies deviated from the ideals of the society, thus, they were, and remain to be wrong. The following discussion seeks to establish Burnyeat’s arguments that Socrates, the ancient philosopher remains to be as guilty as charged. Precisely, one is not supposed to make judgments according to his views; Burnyeat claims that one assumes the Athenian Juror’s position and thinks of the most rational thing one would think of given the Socrates’ knowledge (Warnek 53). Therefore, the prescriptions of Burnyeat seem to have some degree of imaginations. Socrates himself presented some charges at 24C of the Apology, which includes (i) failing to believe in the state’s God, (ii) coming up with new divinities, and (iii) corrupting the youth. By raising the question of whether Burnyeat is right by claiming that Socrates is guilty as charged, his first point is that, with his interpretive strategy, Socrates never claims he believes in the states’ gods, why one should think that he is innocent (76). Given that Socrates fails to defend himself against this judgment, what would be a normal Athenian claim basing his arguments on his understanding of Socrates? Burnyeat poses a claim that Socrates is guilty, and thus one should perceive him as a threat to the culture of Athenian and its religion. The gods that Socrates speaks of are different from the Athenian gods and an ideal Athenian would think that Socrates is guilty in the first place. The Socratic religion’s gods demand continuous questioning and virtues of the people unlike the Athens’ gods, which give clear teachings on virtue claiming that one needs gods to achieve this. For example, the Greek religion’s gods are the ones that one barters with to get what he or she wants in tough situations. On the other hand,

The Issue of Population Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Issue of Population Growth - Essay Example There is only so much room left on the planet where humans can expand as well as use to grow food. The aspect of supply and demand is always in motion as producers try to keep up with the increasing demands associated with large populations. In particular, corn is one of the most commonly used and exported crops that are used around the world. Not only is corn used as a food supply for both humans and for livestock, but also it is also valued for its use in ethanol. This adds to an increase in the supply and demand, which is becoming detrimental to society as society uses resources more quickly than they can be replaced by both nature and society (Lehmijoki and Palokangas). As a result of becoming a more developed society, there are also consequences happening in the physical world. One of the first aspects in which the world started feeling the consequences of human expansion began with the breakdown of the ozone layer due to the use of CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons. Since then, many more toxic fumes have been dumped into the atmosphere messing with the equilibrium that has been maintained in our atmosphere. In addition, the world needs the energy to run. Society has been consumed with obtaining natural resources that are not quickly renewable such as oil and gas. This has resulted in accidents such as the Exxon Valdez and the Deep Horizons incident that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico (Hall and John). Strip mining, especially in Africa, leaves the landscape scarred by mining for coal and other precious metals. Lakes and rivers are being harnessed for hydroelectric power, however, these freshwater resources are drying up due to overuse, which then affects c rops and living areas leading to desertification.

Rape And Issues In The World Today Criminology Essay

Rape And Issues In The World Today Criminology Essay Rape is a huge issue that plagues the world today. It is a worldwide issue, and is not specific to any one country. Rape also can impact anyone at any time. It is not specific to any one neighborhood, race, gender, sexual orientation, age, or financial status. Rapes continue to happen frequently, and yet many are not reported to the police. Rape is widely thought to be the most underreported crime. There are many stigmas that go along with rape, so it makes it difficult to come forward. Also, it is sometimes difficult to prove rape when there are no physical signs. The victim may also fear being further victimized through the investigative process, so the crime is not reported. Furthermore, with the easy availability of illegal drugs, date rape has become more commonplace. Although date rape can occur without drugs, many times people use illegal substances to render their victims powerless against their advances. This is one form of date rape. In these cases, the victims do not even know what happened to them, and if they were even raped. Some of the drugs can create loss of memory, so it makes it impossible for the victim to express what happened. There are many different drugs used for date rape. Some, like alcohol, are not illegal substances. However, many of the drugs used in date rape are illegal substances. Rape can leave the victim feeling powerless. Many victims experience rape trauma syndrome, which can severely impact their lives. With the prevalence of rape in all communities, it is crucial for people to stay vigilant and aware of their surroundings. Although it is impossible to ensure complete security, there are ways to maintain safety. It is important for everyone to make their own drinks so that no one can slip any drugs into them. Also, a buddy system can be very beneficial to help everyone stay safe, and not end up a bad situation. Reasons Why Rape is Underreported Rape is one of the most underreported crimes. The Uniform Crime Report is an annual report that includes offenses reported to law enforcement agencies at the city, county, and state levels (Meadows, 2010, p. 5). This report details the offenses that are reported to the authorities. The National Crime Victimization Survey is a source of data that recognized incidents not reported to the police and includes a detailed report of crime incidents, victims involved, and trends affecting victims (Meadows, 2010, p. 9). Both the Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization Survey include information about rape, yet they each report drastically different numbers. There are significantly more rapes reported in the National Crime Victimization Survey than in the Uniform Crime Report. It has been reported by the U.S. Department of Justice that only 31% of all rapes are reported to the authorities (Arrigo, 2006, p. 108). This creates a problem in the criminal justice field because it is difficult to put a stop to rape when most people do not report their victimization. There are many reasons why rape is underreported. The National Crime Victimization Survey found that the most common reason given by victims of violent crime (including rape) for not reporting a crime was that it was a private or personal matter (Meadows, 2010, ps. 9-10). Other reasons why victims may not report rape include fear of reprisal, embarrassment, or the belief that the victim may not be believed (Meadows, 2010, p. 10). These issues all contribute to the underreporting of rape. Rape is a profoundly different type of crime as the attacker is using their body as a weapon. Instead of merely stealing some personal item that can be replaced, the attacker takes something from the victims body and mind, which can never be replaced. This ordeal may only last a few minutes, but feels like hours to the victim as they wonder what will happen next. Also, it can last longer in cases of gang rapes. Once the event is finally over and the victim realizes they have survived, they may not want to talk about it with anyone, and especially not law enforcement officers and prosecutors. Rape truly is the most personal of all crimes. Many people do not talk about sexual matters at all, so they are even less likely to discuss rape. If someone was raised in an environment where they did not talk about sexual things, they will be less likely to report a rape as an adult. It is difficult enough for the victim to get through the actual experience, and victims do not want to have to relive it several times with many different people. Unfortunately, that is the only way to bring justice to the attacker. If the victim comes forward about the attack, they will have to talk to the police at least once, talk to the prosecutor, and talk to the judge or jury depending on the type of case. It would not be as difficult if the victim only had to discuss the issue once, but they continually have to discuss it with different people, all of whom are strangers to them. Rape can occur between a stranger and a victim, but many sexual assaults, however, occur between victims and offenders who know each other (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). This leads the victim to fear retaliation if they do report the attack. Many rapists may even threaten the victim to prevent them from going to the police. Victims take these threats seriously because the attacker has already shown their violent nature, so they may be capable of much worse. In the case of date rape, the attacker may know where the victim lives and works, and this makes their threats more dangerous because they know how to find the victim. A survey of college women showed that 38% reported sexual victimization that met the legal definition of rape or attempted rape, yet only 1 in 25, or 4% reported the incident to the police (Arrigo, 2006, p. 109). This is just a small illustration of how many rapes go unreported, and how many rapists are free to rape again. Rape victims also have to fear the embarrassment that a rape case can bring. When someone does report a rape and it goes to court, the defense may try to prove it was consensual, or that the victim wanted it. Also, the police officers may ask questions that appear to blame the victim. Although there are laws protecting rape victims to a certain extent, there is still embarrassment that goes along with reporting a rape. Many date rape victims are reluctant to report the act for fear that their own behavior will be scrutinized by others (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). This may be because many of the victims of date rape had been drinking or otherwise involved in some type of festivity when the rape occurred (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). Because of their partying, victims may not want to come forward. This also brings embarrassment into their family. It the rape is reported to the police, the family will find out eventually, and the victim may not want them to know. They may want to protect their fam ily, or are simply too embarrassed about the attack. They may not want their parents to know the terrible thing that was done to them. They also may feel partially responsible because they had too much to drink. Ultimately, they do not want to have to talk to complete strangers about what someone did to their own body. Rape is also underreported because victims fear they will not be believed. Many rape cases end up being he said, she said because there is no physical evidence. If there are no bruises or cuts on the victim, it is difficult to prove rape. The emergency room doctor can do a rape kit shortly after the attack to see if there is any evidence. However, even if bodily fluids are found on the victim, that only proves that there was a sexual encounter, it does not prove whether or not it was a consensual act. Many rapists may use verbal threats to get the victim to comply, so there may be no physical marks or bruising. Some women fight back, but others do not because of fear. Rapists may have a weapon they threaten the victims with, so it may be smarter not to fight back in that case. However, this makes it difficult to prosecute. If victims know that there are no bruises or cuts on their body, and it will be difficult to win a case, they many not even report it. Some victims may not report rapes because they do not trust the police. This is especially seen in certain cultures that exhibit a distrust of law enforcement. This may be for many reasons. They may have grown up in a low-income environment where many people participated in illegal activities. They also may have had negative personal experiences with police officers. Also, if they are in the country illegally, they are less likely to report a crime. They may also have a friend or family member who was arrested, and that makes them dislike the police as well. It can also be difficult for victims to come forward regarding sexual assault due to the large percentage of male law enforcement officers. When someone reports a rape, they are asked extremely precise and intimate questions about what exactly the attacker did to them. They have to give details about the encounter that may be difficult to talk about, and it is even worse when the victim is female, and has to discuss it with a male. Although males can be victims of sexual assault, many victims are females, and they have to talk to male officers about their sexual assault. It is uncomfortable for many people to talk to a stranger about anything sexual, so to discuss a sexual assault is even worse. This is made even more challenging as officers can sometimes seem to be uncaring. The officers job is to collect the information about the crime. They are not responsible for consoling the victim, so they may come across as being abrupt or unsympathetic. This only causes the victim more pain as they have to discuss the assault and feel like they are not getting any sympathy. These are only a few of the reasons why rape is underreported. Victims have their own reasons for not reporting rapes, including fear of embarrassment, fear of retaliation, and the fear that they will not be believed. They also may not want to discuss this due to the personal nature of the crime. Victims may just want to move on with their lives and act like the assault never happened. What is date rape? There are many different types of rape. One type is called stranger rape. This is when a complete stranger rapes someone. These rapists often use weapons and threats of violence to gain the victims submission (Arrigo, 2006). However, the most common type of rape is called date rape. This occurs when someone is raped by a person they know. They may be on a date with this person, or be socializing with them at a party. This is extremely common, and often happens on college campuses. Date rape can also include when the assailant uses some type of drugs to make the victim powerless against the attack. Most rapes occur between victims and attackers who are known to each other. In fact, among victims 18-29 years old, two-thirds had a prior relationship with the rapist (Meadows, 2010, p. 97). Many rapists attack ex-girlfriends, casual acquaintances, or people they are currently dating. These rapes are especially difficult as the attacker is someone the victim knows and trusts. The victim may even have to see the rapist around town if they decide not to report the rape. In addition, studies on college campuses have indicated that date rape is increasing (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). An alarming survey shows that more than half of a representative sample of more than 1,000 female students at a large urban university had experienced some form of unwanted sex (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). Of these reported acts, twelve percent were done by casual dates, while 43 percent were done by steady dating partners (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). One study found that many women raped by men they know do not think of themselves as rape victims (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). Perhaps they think the rape was simply a misunderstanding. Still another study shows that date rape primarily occurs when the date was unplanned or the woman had been picked up in a social setting (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). Further studies have shown that 1 in 4 college women . . . [have] been raped or [have] suffered an attempted rape (Arrigo, 2006, p.109). These studies show the frequency of date rape occurring on colleg e campuses. Many researchers have attempted to determine why date rape is so prevalent on college campuses. Mary P. Koss is considered to be one of the most prolific researchers on rape (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 403). Koss conducted much research on college campuses, and found that 73% of the rape victims reported that the offender was drinking (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 403). Some researchers point to the college lifestyle as the reason why date rape is so common. Fraternities can contribute to the formation of attitudes that and behaviors that objectify women and normalize sexual coercion (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 403). Fraternity parties have a long history of underage drinking and random sexual acts. This is a problem when the sexual acts are not consensual. Furthermore, fraternities are about brotherhood, and this creates a preoccupation with loyalty, group protection and security, use of alcohol as a weapon, involvement in violence and physical force, and an emphasis on competitiveness and superiori ty (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 403). This brotherhood mentality makes it difficult for anyone to come forward if they witness anything inappropriate. Even if a victim comes forward, the attackers entire fraternity house may come to his defense, making it difficult to win a criminal case. Date rape is far too common amongst young people today. Victims do not typically come forward to report what happened, which leaves the rapist able to do the same thing to yet another victim. The partying lifestyle found at some colleges contributes to the rape problem. Parties can end up being a place where drunken men force themselves upon others, who are unable to resist. The victim is left feeling helpless and afraid, and in some cases may not even know what happened. Drugs Used in Date Rape Sometimes rapists use drugs to make their victim drowsy or unable to fight back. There are many different types of drugs used in this way. Rohypnol, gamma hydroxybutyric acid (more commonly known as GHB), and ketamine are just a few date rape drugs that may be slipped into an unwilling participants drink. These drugs are used for date rape because they produce prolonged sedation, a feeling of well-being, and short-term memory loss (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). In addition, many drugs on the market have no particular color, smell, or taste, which makes it easy to add to a victims drink without anyone knowing (Meadows, 2010, p. 99). Because these drugs can create short-term memory loss, the victim may not even know if they were raped or not. Rohypnol is a drug prescribed for insomnia, and is also used as preoperative anesthetic (Meadows, 2010). It also has medical uses as a muscle relaxant, hypnotic, anti-convulsant, sedative, and anti-anxiety medication (Schmalleger, 2009). Rohypnol is the trade name for flunitrazepam. It is a benzodiazepine, and is a central nervous system depressant. Rohypnol can incapacitate victims and prevent them from resisting sexual assault (Meadows, 2010, p. 99). It also can create anterograde amnesia, which makes the victim not remember anything that happened while under the influence of the drug. The effects of Rohypnol can be felt within about thirty minutes of ingesting the drug (Weiss, 2008). The effects of Rohypnol can last from one to eight hours (Schmalleger, 2009). This can make the entire night a blur, and the victim may not remember anything about the night. A further danger of Rohypnol is that it can be lethal when it is mixed with alcoholic beverages or other depressants. This coul d cause a date rape to turn into a murder. This drug is not approved for use in the United States. However, the drug became more commonplace in the 1990s for date rape purposes, and became known as a roofie (Meadows, 2010). Gamma hydroxybutyric acid is another central nervous system depressant. GHB, also called Liquid X, has been used since the 1990s in the United States for its euphoric, sedative, and anabolic (body-building) effects (Meadows, 2010, p. 100). This drug was actually sold in health food stores in the 1980s and the early 1990s (Meadows, 2010). Like Rohypnol, GHB can have negative effects if taken with alcoholic beverages. It can cause breathing problems and nausea (Meadows, 2010). GHB can take effect within fifteen minutes of being drugged (Weiss, 2008). The effects of GHB can last between three and six hours (Meadows 2010). Some of the effects of GHB use are slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without odor of alcohol, [and] impaired memory of events (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 540). Also, a study was conducted with 17 GHB users being interviewed about their drug use. This study found that while on the drug, 65% of users had an increased sexual desire, and 47% had decreased sexual inhibitions (Lee Levounis, 2008). Some of the subjects even mentioned that GHB could cause poor decision making in sexual situations (Lee Levounis, 2008, p. 245). This further illustrates why assailants would use this drug. If the victim is given too much GHB, the effects of overdose include shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, coma, and possible death (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 540). This drug can be very dangerous. Ketamine, also known as Special K, is another date rape drug. Ketamine is used in the United States as an anesthetic, and is predominantly used on animals in veterinary offices (Justice.com, 2011). According to the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, recent press reports indicate that a significant number of veterinary clinics are being robbed specifically for their ketamine stock (Justice.com, 2011). Thieves are stealing the ketamine and selling it as a drug to party-goers. It can come in a clear liquid form, so it is very easy to slip into drinks undetected. This drug is often used as a club drug, so it is easily accessible to students who may be planning a date rape. Some of the effects of ketamine are delirium, amnesia, depression, and long-term memory and cognitive difficulties (Justice.com, 2011). This drug, like GHB and Rohypnol, leaves the victim unsure of what has taken place. The effects of ketamine can be felt almost immediately (Weiss, 2008). Also, the victim m ay be aware of what is taking place, but unable to stop it (Weiss, 2008). One date rape drug that is commonly used at parties is alcohol. According to the National Womens Health Information Center, any drug that can affect judgment and behavior can put a person at risk for unwanted or risky sexual activity (Weiss, 2008). This definition includes alcohol. Even though the victim may be willingly ingesting the alcohol, someone may take advantage of them once they are drunk. Alcohol can make it difficult to think clearly, harder to tell if a situation is dangerous, and harder to fight back if attacked (Weiss, 2008). Also, like the other date rape drugs, alcohol can cause memory loss, or a black out (Weiss, 2008). The victim may black out and be raped, and not remember what happened the next day. One common effect of date rape drugs is their ability to inhibit the victims memory. These drugs cause short-term memory loss so the victim is unsure if they were raped. This makes it less likely that the victim will report the incident to the police. In fact, the victim may not even realize they were drugged at all. If the victim was drinking the night before, it is possible they will think they simply had too much to drink. This further illustrates why date rape is drastically underreported. What Happens in the Emergency Room? After someone is raped, they may need medical attention. Most often they visit their local emergency room for treatment. It is estimated that 75% of female rape victims require medical attention after their attack (Arrigo, 2006, p. 109). Although different areas and hospitals may have different procedures for handling a rape victim, typically the process is similar. The medical staff will call law enforcement to make a police report, will call the local rape crisis group, will call the Division of Family and Children Services if a minor is involved, and will perform a full examination of the victim. When the police officer arrives to take a report of the alleged rape, they must speak to the victim. They will ask the victim to recall everything that happened in the attack. If the area has a local rape crisis advocacy group, there may be a victims advocate there to help the victim with this process. In an ideal situation, the victim can explain to the officer, victims advocate, and medical staff what took place at the same time so they do not have to repeat themselves. However, many times all parties are not present at the same time, and the victim is forced to relive the event multiple times. The victim must give details about the location of the attack, and what the attacker did specifically. They must tell exactly where the attacker touched them, and where the attacker kissed them. All of this information is crucial for the evidence collection process. Once the police officer has made the report, they will leave. The victim will undergo a thorough medical examination to ensure there are no health concerns. Depending on the nature of the attack, the victim may have a pregnancy test done. Charlotte Murton, a rape crisis specialist, noted that it is also common for the medical staff to check for gonorrhea and Chlamydia (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). The victims must follow up with their personal doctor or local health department to have a more complete sexually transmitted disease screen at a later time. Most victims are also given antibiotics to ward off possible infection. The medical staff will also check for any tearing or irritation in the areas of the attack. When the victim goes to the emergency room, they may have the option to do a rape kit or evidence kit. If the assault happened within 120 hours of the emergency room visit, the medical staff can do the evidence kit (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). This will help collect evidence for a possible trial if the victim decides to press charges. This process is extremely invasive and can even be painful, but it is the only way to collect certain evidence. Typically a rape crisis advocate will stay with the victim throughout the entire process. The process for collecting evidence in Augusta, Georgia is very specific, although the order may be changed. First, the victim must stand on a large piece of paper and undress. The paper is there to collect any loose fibers as the victim undresses. The victims clothes will then be bagged up separately in case there is evidence on the clothes (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). All of t he clothes, including underwear, will be kept as evidence. Once the victim is undressed, the medical staff will do a visual inspection to see if there are any obvious injuries. If so, these injuries will be documented and photographed. Then the victim will have to give 25 hairs from their head (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). This serves to show the DNA of the victim. Any areas the victim was licked or kissed will be swabbed for possible DNA. There also may be a swab of the victims mouth if there was any type of oral contact. The victim will then lie down with a large piece of paper below them to catch any loose hairs or fibers. The nurse will use a comb on the victims pubic hair to gather any loose hairs that may be from the attacker (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). The nurse must then use a special comb that rips out hair to gather 25 of the victims pubic hairs from the root (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). This process is especially painful. The nurse will also use a black light to see if there are any fluids that fluoresce. If something does show up, that area will be swabbed (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, September 17, 2010). If the victim fought against the attacker, the nurse will clean under the victims nails to get possible debris. The nurse will also swab the victims vagina, anus, or penis depending on the nature of the attack (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). If the victim was drugged and is unsure what happened, all areas will be swabbed. There will be several swabs of each area. The victim will then be given clothes or scrubs to wear home. In areas that have a rape crisis center, volunteer advocates are on call at all times to help a victim in need. They are called in to be with the victim throughout the entire emergency room visit, and will follow up with the victim at a later date. These advocates act as liaisons between the victim, medical staff, and police officers. They can let the victim know what to expect in the examinations, and what to expect if they press charges. They also have information about places to obtain counseling and support. This is particularly important for victims who do not have family or friends with them in the emergency room. The process that victims undergo at the emergency room can be very painful and draining. They have to relive the experience to many different people and discuss extremely private matters. Many times, law enforcement officers are male, and the victim must discuss sexual things with this male. This proves to be a difficult experience as sometimes victims are not even able to articulate what happened. They may want to forget about it or not talk about it. Then they have to go through a medical examination to make sure they are healthy. If they decide not to do an evidence kit, it is still recommended that a doctor do a pelvic exam and take swabs for possible sexually transmitted diseases. If the victim does decide to go through with an evidence kit, it is a painful and invasive process. There may even be pictures taken of the victims body if there are bruises or cuts. In addition, in some areas the rape kits may not even be tested. The Texas Tribune reports that the state is so behind i n testing rape kits that it is impossible to catch up (Grissom, 2011). Some unprocessed rape kits in Texas date back to the 1980s (Grissom, 2011). Even if the kits are processed, it can take a year before the results are known (Grissom, 2011). This gives insight into why so many rapes go unreported, and why so many people choose not to have an evidence kit. Consequences of Rape Rape is a horrifying and invasive crime. It has the potential to completely change the victims life. With some crimes, once the actual crime is over, the victim can move on with their life. This is not the case with rape victims. Once the attack is over, there are many other issues the victim will encounter. Many victims of rape experience long-term consequences of their attack. There may be physical consequences deriving from the attack. There also may be emotional consequences. Many rape victims have difficulties returning to their normal lives after the attack. They may exhibit symptoms of rape trauma syndrome, a type of post-traumatic stress disorder. There are many physical consequences that can arise from rape. The victim may become pregnant from the attack. This leads to a difficult decision for the victim, made even more difficult if they do not believe abortion is an appropriate option. Some women may have religious or personal views that prevent them from getting an abortion, and thus are forced to go through a pregnancy resulting from a rape. In addition, the adult rape pregnancy rate is actually increasing based on United States Census Reports (Meadows 2010). It is estimated that there may be 32,100 rape-related pregnancies annually among America women over the age of 18 years (Meadows, 2010, p. 102). This statistic does not even include all the minors who become pregnant due to a sexual assault. Rape victims can also contract sexually transmitted diseases from the attack. Depending on the disease, there may be an easy cure, or they may have to live with the disease for the rest of their lives. If they contract acquired immune deficiency syndrome, more commonly known as AIDS, their life may actually be shortened. This is why many emergency rooms administer antibiotics when someone claims they have been raped. This is an attempt to cure a disease before it is even diagnosed. Also, some emergency rooms may have prophylactic treatment for those who may have been exposed to AIDS. Rape victims may also have acute injuries resulting from the rape (Meadows 2010). Depending on the level of violence in the rape, these injuries can be minimal to severe. Typically the most violent rapes are stranger rapes. This is because stranger rapists are more likely to involve the use of a weapon (Arrigo, 2006, p. 109). This weapon is most frequently a knife (Arrigo, 2006). If the attacker used the knife to stab the victim, there may be internal injuries or bleeding. Attackers also may beat their victims. This can lead to simple cuts and bruises or more complex injuries like broken ribs. In addition, the victim may experience vaginal or rectal tears from the rape. There are both emotional and psychological issues resulting from rape that are included in rape trauma syndrome. There are two phases of rape trauma syndrome. The first phase is the acute phase. In the acute phase, the victim experiences a complete disruption of her life, resulting from the violence she experienced (Meadows, 2010, p. 38). The victim may have a range of emotions during the acute phase, including crying, shouting, swearing, or laughing inappropriately (Meadows, 2010, p. 38). The victim may experience severe mood swings, and change emotions very quickly. They may be fearful to even leave their home. If the attack happened in their home, they may not feel safe living there anymore. The second phase of rape trauma syndrome is the reorganization phase. In the reorganization phase, victims must reorganize their lives (Meadows, 2010). This is accomplished with help from friends and family members (Meadows, 2010). During this phase, the victims have to learn ways to cope with their daily lives, and the disturbing thoughts that may enter their minds at any time. They may return to work and attempt to move on, but the pain and fear is still present in their minds. There are many different symptoms of rape trauma syndrome. Some of the symptoms include fear, helplessness, shock, disbelief, guilt, humiliation, embarrassment, anger, self-blame, flashbacks of the rape, avoidance of previously pleasurable activities, avoidance of the place or circumstances in which the rape occurred, depression, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, and impaired memory (Meadows, 2010, p. 102). These symptoms greatly inhibit the victims ability to heal and move on with their life. They may be happy one moment, and then suddenly be overcome with sadness and not able to understand where the sadness originated. While in the acute phase they may experience a wide range of emotions. When they enter the reorganization phase, they may not have quite as many mood swings, but may experience flashbacks of the attack. This contributes to their insomnia. Victims are afraid to go to sleep because they may have nightmares of the attack. They also lost their sense of control when they were attacked, and going to sleep leaves them vulnerable yet again.